Europeans now face many serious challenges: the refugee crisis, the need to continue reform of the euro area, reviving investment, growth and employment; upheaval in the southern Mediterranean and tension in the East, the fight against terrorism, the defence of Europe, the risk of a Brexit, rising populism, energy transition etc . These challenges must be put into perspective since they involve the Europeans' ability to withstand these shocks. In a context like this how can Europe remain united? Should it not change its software?
